ABSTRACT
At present, there is no gold standard to assess patient adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile, delineate adherence indicators, and identify factors associated with adherence and delays in obtaining medication in patients registered at the Specialized Assistance Service in HIV/AIDS in Brazil. This is a descriptive study based on secondary data obtained from official databases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Adherence and delay were measured by the frequency of cART medication acquisition in 24 months, and a multivariate linear regression model was developed to identify the factors associated with non-adherence and delays. In 50.2% of the subjects, the viral load remained undetectable throughout the study period. Only 12.4% of patients were fully adherent to cART. Regarding indicators, a value of 0.83 was found for adherence, 0.09 for delay in days, and 0.21 for the number of times the patient was late to obtain the medication. The multivariate analysis showed that males, age between 20 and 59 years, having not changed the cART, and the presence of ≥1000 HIV RNA copies/mL were predictive factors for adherence and delays (P≤0.01). We demonstrated that monitoring cART medication distribution is possible using health indicators, and identifying the factors associated with poor adherence to cART helps characterize patients at higher risks of unsuccessful therapy.